Ubuntu 18.04 もしくは Debian 9 で qucs(0.0.18) の digital simulation

qucs ( http://qucs.sourceforge.net/ ) は Ubuntu/Debian系のパッケージが

Ubuntu 14.10 時代で止まっている、という問題があります。

http://qucs.sourceforge.net/install.html 

そのため、このバイナリパッケージを dpkg -i で今の Ubuntu 18.04 LTS や Debian 9 にむりやりインストールすると、digital simulation の Model( netlist format ) が VHDL のとき、シミュレーションに失敗します。

例えばこんな回路のシミュレーションをしてみると……Segmentation Failtとか……

これは、依存関係ありとして導入される freehdl (0.0.8-2.2) の freehdl-v2cc が正常に動作しないためです。そのため、これを呼んでいる qucsdigi も巻き添えとなっています。

簡単な対策は、apt install iverilog でverilog を導入し、ModelをVerilogとしてシミュレーションすることです。

VHDLの資産がない、簡単なモデルであれば、これでシミュレーションは出来るようになります。

もし Debian 8 や Ubuntu 14.04 LTS などで、qucs の digital simulation を VHDL ベースで使っている場合は、OSのメジャーバージョンアップに注意が必要です。qucs が正しく動作しなくなります。

で、対策なのですが、Debian 9の場合は以下の手順で VHDL の digital simulation は動くようになりました。

1. freehdl のバージョンを  freehdl (0.0.8-2.1) に下げてholdする。(-libも)
2. g++-4.9を入れる。
3. /usr/lib/pkgconfig/freehdl.pc を編集し、CXXコンパイラが g++ になっているところを g++-4.9 にする。
4. /usr/bin/qucsdigi を編集し、glibtool のとき --tag=CC をつける、という条件を、 libtool のとき、となるように書き換える。

とても　つらい。誰かパッケージ作り直してもらえませんかね…ダメですかね…

ちなみに qucs からスピンアウトして spice ベースに移行した qucs-s
https://ra3xdh.github.io/
というものがあり、現在のバージョンは 0.0.20 なのですが、アナログ系のシミュレーションがメインのようで、論理回路のみのシミュレーションには向いてなさそうです。

論理回路の場合は、おそらくもっと別のソフトウェアを使うべきなのかも知れません。

本家のバージョンは 0.0.19 なのですが、追従できているのはWindowsとMacのみで、Linux については前述の通りUbuntuのパッケージングが0.0.18で止まっているわ、debian のほうはパッケージが削除されているわで惨憺たる状況です。需要無いんでしょうか…

WSL の Ubuntu 18.04 をインストールするとこうなる

先日 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS がリリースされたので、PCにisoイメージからインストール出来るか確認作業をしてみたのですが、どうも language-pack-en-base の関係で、たとえ最小インストールをしても英語のロケールに地方対応分が4つほど標準で入ってしまうようで、gnomeの言語設定画面を表示すると追加パッケージの導入を促される、という微妙な感じになってしまっているようです。

で、Windows Subsystem for Linux にも Ubuntu 18.04 LTS が来ているので、こちらはどうなっているかと試してみたところ……

$ apt list --installed | tee aptlist.txt | wc
    481    1921   25777
$ grep language aptlist.txt
language-selector-common/bionic,now 0.188 all [installed]

え、パッケージ多くないですか…？ って language-pack-en-baseすら無い…？

$ locale -a
C
C.UTF-8
POSIX
en_US.utf8
$ grep -v ^# /etc/locale.gen | uniq

en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
$ localedef --list-archive
en_US.utf8

ほんとに無かった…… ということは language-pack-ja を入れればすんなり入るんでしょうか…？

$ sudo apt install language-pack-ja
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
  libfreetype6
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.
The following additional packages will be installed:
  language-pack-ja-base
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  language-pack-ja language-pack-ja-base
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 1645 kB of archives.
After this operation, 7577 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 language-pack-ja-base all 1:18.04+20180423 [1643 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 language-pack-ja all 1:18.04+20180423 [1896 B]
Fetched 1645 kB in 3s (504 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package language-pack-ja-base.
(Reading database ... 28477 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../language-pack-ja-base_1%3a18.04+20180423_all.deb ...
Unpacking language-pack-ja-base (1:18.04+20180423) ...
Selecting previously unselected package language-pack-ja.
Preparing to unpack .../language-pack-ja_1%3a18.04+20180423_all.deb ...
Unpacking language-pack-ja (1:18.04+20180423) ...
Setting up language-pack-ja (1:18.04+20180423) ...
Setting up language-pack-ja-base (1:18.04+20180423) ...
Generating locales (this might take a while)...
  ja_JP.UTF-8... done
Generation complete.
$ locale -a
C
C.UTF-8
POSIX
en_US.utf8
ja_JP.utf8
$ localedef --list-archive
en_US.utf8
ja_JP.utf8
$ grep -v ^# /etc/locale.gen | uniq

en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
$ cat /etc/default/locale
LANG=C.UTF-8

入りました。これは便利。Ubuntu 18.04 (WSL) の場合は、language-pack-ja を入れてから LANG を設定するなり sudo update-locale LANG=ja_JP.UTF-8 するなりしたら良い、というわけですね。

パッケージリストはこんな感じです。Debian 9.x と見比べてみると、結構多いです。

$ apt list --installed | tee aptlist.txt | wc
    481    1921   25777
$ cat aptlist.txt
Listing...
accountsservice/bionic,now 0.6.45-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
acl/bionic,now 2.2.52-3build1 amd64 [installed]
acpid/bionic,now 1:2.0.28-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
adduser/bionic,now 3.116ubuntu1 all [installed]
apparmor/bionic,now 2.12-4ubuntu5 amd64 [installed]
apport/bionic,now 2.20.9-0ubuntu7 all [installed]
apport-symptoms/bionic,now 0.20 all [installed]
apt/bionic,now 1.6.1 amd64 [installed]
apt-utils/bionic,now 1.6.1 amd64 [installed]
at/bionic,now 3.1.20-3.1ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
base-files/bionic,now 10.1ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
base-passwd/bionic,now 3.5.44 amd64 [installed]
bash/bionic,now 4.4.18-2ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
bash-completion/bionic,now 1:2.8-1ubuntu1 all [installed]
bc/bionic,now 1.07.1-2 amd64 [installed]
bcache-tools/bionic,now 1.0.8-2build1 amd64 [installed]
bind9-host/bionic,now 1:9.11.3+dfsg-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
bsdmainutils/bionic,now 11.1.2ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
bsdutils/bionic,now 1:2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
btrfs-progs/bionic,now 4.15.1-1build1 amd64 [installed]
btrfs-tools/bionic,now 4.15.1-1build1 amd64 [installed]
busybox-initramfs/bionic,now 1:1.27.2-2ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
busybox-static/bionic,now 1:1.27.2-2ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
byobu/bionic,now 5.125-0ubuntu1 all [installed]
bzip2/bionic,now 1.0.6-8.1 amd64 [installed]
ca-certificates/bionic,now 20180409 all [installed]
cloud-guest-utils/bionic,now 0.30-0ubuntu5 all [installed]
cloud-init/bionic,now 18.2-14-g6d48d265-0ubuntu1 all [installed]
cloud-initramfs-copymods/bionic,now 0.40ubuntu1 all [installed]
cloud-initramfs-dyn-netconf/bionic,now 0.40ubuntu1 all [installed]
command-not-found/bionic,now 18.04.4 all [installed]
command-not-found-data/bionic,now 18.04.4 amd64 [installed]
console-setup/bionic,now 1.178ubuntu2 all [installed]
console-setup-linux/bionic,now 1.178ubuntu2 all [installed]
coreutils/bionic,now 8.28-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
cpio/bionic,now 2.12+dfsg-6 amd64 [installed]
cron/bionic,now 3.0pl1-128.1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
cryptsetup/bionic,now 2:2.0.2-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
cryptsetup-bin/bionic,now 2:2.0.2-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
curl/bionic,now 7.58.0-2ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
dash/bionic,now 0.5.8-2.10 amd64 [installed]
dbus/bionic,now 1.12.2-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
debconf/bionic,now 1.5.66 all [installed]
debconf-i18n/bionic,now 1.5.66 all [installed]
debianutils/bionic,now 4.8.4 amd64 [installed]
diffutils/bionic,now 1:3.6-1 amd64 [installed]
dirmngr/bionic,now 2.2.4-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
distro-info-data/bionic,now 0.37 all [installed]
dmeventd/bionic,now 2:1.02.145-4.1ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
dmidecode/bionic,now 3.1-1 amd64 [installed]
dmsetup/bionic,now 2:1.02.145-4.1ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
dns-root-data/bionic,now 2018013001 all [installed]
dnsmasq-base/bionic,now 2.79-1 amd64 [installed]
dnsutils/bionic,now 1:9.11.3+dfsg-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
dosfstools/bionic,now 4.1-1 amd64 [installed]
dpkg/bionic,now 1.19.0.5ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
e2fsprogs/bionic,now 1.44.1-1 amd64 [installed]
eatmydata/bionic,now 105-6 all [installed]
ebtables/bionic,now 2.0.10.4-3.5ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
ed/bionic,now 1.10-2.1 amd64 [installed]
eject/bionic,now 2.1.5+deb1+cvs20081104-13.2 amd64 [installed]
ethtool/bionic,now 1:4.15-0ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
fdisk/bionic,now 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
file/bionic,now 1:5.32-2 amd64 [installed]
findutils/bionic,now 4.6.0+git+20170828-2 amd64 [installed]
fonts-ubuntu-console/bionic,now 0.83-2 all [installed]
friendly-recovery/bionic,now 0.2.38 all [installed]
ftp/bionic,now 0.17-34 amd64 [installed]
fuse/bionic,now 2.9.7-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
gawk/bionic,now 1:4.1.4+dfsg-1build1 amd64 [installed]
gcc-8-base/bionic,now 8-20180414-1ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
gdisk/bionic,now 1.0.3-1 amd64 [installed]
geoip-database/bionic,now 20180315-1 all [installed]
gettext-base/bionic,now 0.19.8.1-6 amd64 [installed]
gir1.2-glib-2.0/bionic,now 1.56.1-1 amd64 [installed]
git/bionic,now 1:2.17.0-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
git-man/bionic,now 1:2.17.0-1ubuntu1 all [installed]
gnupg/bionic,now 2.2.4-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
gnupg-l10n/bionic,now 2.2.4-1ubuntu1 all [installed]
gnupg-utils/bionic,now 2.2.4-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
gpg/bionic,now 2.2.4-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
gpg-agent/bionic,now 2.2.4-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
gpg-wks-client/bionic,now 2.2.4-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
gpg-wks-server/bionic,now 2.2.4-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
gpgconf/bionic,now 2.2.4-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
gpgsm/bionic,now 2.2.4-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
gpgv/bionic,now 2.2.4-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
grep/bionic,now 3.1-2 amd64 [installed]
groff-base/bionic,now 1.22.3-10 amd64 [installed]
gzip/bionic,now 1.6-5ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
hdparm/bionic,now 9.54+ds-1 amd64 [installed]
hostname/bionic,now 3.20 amd64 [installed]
htop/bionic,now 2.1.0-3 amd64 [installed]
info/bionic,now 6.5.0.dfsg.1-2 amd64 [installed]
init/bionic,now 1.51 amd64 [installed]
init-system-helpers/bionic,now 1.51 all [installed]
initramfs-tools/bionic,now 0.130ubuntu3 all [installed]
initramfs-tools-bin/bionic,now 0.130ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
initramfs-tools-core/bionic,now 0.130ubuntu3 all [installed]
install-info/bionic,now 6.5.0.dfsg.1-2 amd64 [installed]
iproute2/bionic,now 4.15.0-2ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
iptables/bionic,now 1.6.1-2ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
iputils-ping/bionic,now 3:20161105-1ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
iputils-tracepath/bionic,now 3:20161105-1ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
irqbalance/bionic,now 1.3.0-0.1 amd64 [installed]
isc-dhcp-client/bionic,now 4.3.5-3ubuntu7 amd64 [installed]
isc-dhcp-common/bionic,now 4.3.5-3ubuntu7 amd64 [installed]
iso-codes/bionic,now 3.79-1 all [installed]
kbd/bionic,now 2.0.4-2ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
keyboard-configuration/bionic,now 1.178ubuntu2 all [installed]
klibc-utils/bionic,now 2.0.4-9ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
kmod/bionic,now 24-1ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
krb5-locales/bionic,now 1.16-2build1 all [installed]
landscape-common/bionic,now 18.01-0ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
language-selector-common/bionic,now 0.188 all [installed]
less/bionic,now 487-0.1 amd64 [installed]
libaccountsservice0/bionic,now 0.6.45-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libacl1/bionic,now 2.2.52-3build1 amd64 [installed]
libapparmor1/bionic,now 2.12-4ubuntu5 amd64 [installed]
libapt-inst2.0/bionic,now 1.6.1 amd64 [installed]
libapt-pkg5.0/bionic,now 1.6.1 amd64 [installed]
libargon2-0/bionic,now 0~20161029-1.1 amd64 [installed]
libasn1-8-heimdal/bionic,now 7.5.0+dfsg-1 amd64 [installed]
libassuan0/bionic,now 2.5.1-2 amd64 [installed]
libatm1/bionic,now 1:2.5.1-2build1 amd64 [installed]
libattr1/bionic,now 1:2.4.47-2build1 amd64 [installed]
libaudit-common/bionic,now 1:2.8.2-1ubuntu1 all [installed]
libaudit1/bionic,now 1:2.8.2-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libbind9-160/bionic,now 1:9.11.3+dfsg-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libblkid1/bionic,now 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
libbsd0/bionic,now 0.8.7-1 amd64 [installed]
libbz2-1.0/bionic,now 1.0.6-8.1 amd64 [installed]
libc-bin/bionic,now 2.27-3ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libc6/bionic,now 2.27-3ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libcap-ng0/bionic,now 0.7.7-3.1 amd64 [installed]
libcap2/bionic,now 1:2.25-1.2 amd64 [installed]
libcap2-bin/bionic,now 1:2.25-1.2 amd64 [installed]
libcom-err2/bionic,now 1.44.1-1 amd64 [installed]
libcryptsetup12/bionic,now 2:2.0.2-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libcurl3-gnutls/bionic,now 7.58.0-2ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
libcurl4/bionic,now 7.58.0-2ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
libdb5.3/bionic,now 5.3.28-13.1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libdbus-1-3/bionic,now 1.12.2-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libdebconfclient0/bionic,now 0.213ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libdevmapper-event1.02.1/bionic,now 2:1.02.145-4.1ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
libdevmapper1.02.1/bionic,now 2:1.02.145-4.1ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
libdns-export1100/bionic,now 1:9.11.3+dfsg-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libdns1100/bionic,now 1:9.11.3+dfsg-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libdrm-common/bionic,now 2.4.91-2 all [installed]
libdrm2/bionic,now 2.4.91-2 amd64 [installed]
libdumbnet1/bionic,now 1.12-7build1 amd64 [installed]
libeatmydata1/bionic,now 105-6 amd64 [installed]
libedit2/bionic,now 3.1-20170329-1 amd64 [installed]
libelf1/bionic,now 0.170-0.4 amd64 [installed]
liberror-perl/bionic,now 0.17025-1 all [installed]
libestr0/bionic,now 0.1.10-2.1 amd64 [installed]
libevent-2.1-6/bionic,now 2.1.8-stable-4build1 amd64 [installed]
libexpat1/bionic,now 2.2.5-3 amd64 [installed]
libext2fs2/bionic,now 1.44.1-1 amd64 [installed]
libfastjson4/bionic,now 0.99.8-2 amd64 [installed]
libfdisk1/bionic,now 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
libffi6/bionic,now 3.2.1-8 amd64 [installed]
libfreetype6/bionic,now 2.8.1-2ubuntu2 amd64 [installed,auto-removable]
libfribidi0/bionic,now 0.19.7-2 amd64 [installed]
libfuse2/bionic,now 2.9.7-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libgcc1/bionic,now 1:8-20180414-1ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
libgcrypt20/bionic,now 1.8.1-4ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libgdbm-compat4/bionic,now 1.14.1-6 amd64 [installed]
libgdbm5/bionic,now 1.14.1-6 amd64 [installed]
libgeoip1/bionic,now 1.6.12-1 amd64 [installed]
libgirepository-1.0-1/bionic,now 1.56.1-1 amd64 [installed]
libglib2.0-0/bionic,now 2.56.1-2ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libglib2.0-data/bionic,now 2.56.1-2ubuntu1 all [installed]
libgmp10/bionic,now 2:6.1.2+dfsg-2 amd64 [installed]
libgnutls30/bionic,now 3.5.18-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libgpg-error0/bionic,now 1.27-6 amd64 [installed]
libgpm2/bionic,now 1.20.7-5 amd64 [installed]
libgssapi-krb5-2/bionic,now 1.16-2build1 amd64 [installed]
libgssapi3-heimdal/bionic,now 7.5.0+dfsg-1 amd64 [installed]
libhcrypto4-heimdal/bionic,now 7.5.0+dfsg-1 amd64 [installed]
libheimbase1-heimdal/bionic,now 7.5.0+dfsg-1 amd64 [installed]
libheimntlm0-heimdal/bionic,now 7.5.0+dfsg-1 amd64 [installed]
libhogweed4/bionic,now 3.4-1 amd64 [installed]
libhx509-5-heimdal/bionic,now 7.5.0+dfsg-1 amd64 [installed]
libicu60/bionic,now 60.2-3ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
libidn11/bionic,now 1.33-2.1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libidn2-0/bionic,now 2.0.4-1.1build2 amd64 [installed]
libip4tc0/bionic,now 1.6.1-2ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
libip6tc0/bionic,now 1.6.1-2ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
libiptc0/bionic,now 1.6.1-2ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
libirs160/bionic,now 1:9.11.3+dfsg-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libisc-export169/bionic,now 1:9.11.3+dfsg-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libisc169/bionic,now 1:9.11.3+dfsg-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libisccc160/bionic,now 1:9.11.3+dfsg-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libisccfg160/bionic,now 1:9.11.3+dfsg-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libisns0/bionic,now 0.97-2build1 amd64 [installed]
libjson-c3/bionic,now 0.12.1-1.3 amd64 [installed]
libk5crypto3/bionic,now 1.16-2build1 amd64 [installed]
libkeyutils1/bionic,now 1.5.9-9.2ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
libklibc/bionic,now 2.0.4-9ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
libkmod2/bionic,now 24-1ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
libkrb5-26-heimdal/bionic,now 7.5.0+dfsg-1 amd64 [installed]
libkrb5-3/bionic,now 1.16-2build1 amd64 [installed]
libkrb5support0/bionic,now 1.16-2build1 amd64 [installed]
libksba8/bionic,now 1.3.5-2 amd64 [installed]
libldap-2.4-2/bionic,now 2.4.45+dfsg-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libldap-common/bionic,now 2.4.45+dfsg-1ubuntu1 all [installed]
liblocale-gettext-perl/bionic,now 1.07-3build2 amd64 [installed]
liblvm2app2.2/bionic,now 2.02.176-4.1ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
liblvm2cmd2.02/bionic,now 2.02.176-4.1ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
liblwres160/bionic,now 1:9.11.3+dfsg-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
liblxc-common/bionic,now 3.0.0-0ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
liblxc1/bionic,now 3.0.0-0ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
liblz4-1/bionic,now 0.0~r131-2ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
liblzma5/bionic,now 5.2.2-1.3 amd64 [installed]
liblzo2-2/bionic,now 2.08-1.2 amd64 [installed]
libmagic-mgc/bionic,now 1:5.32-2 amd64 [installed]
libmagic1/bionic,now 1:5.32-2 amd64 [installed]
libmnl0/bionic,now 1.0.4-2 amd64 [installed]
libmount1/bionic,now 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
libmpdec2/bionic,now 2.4.2-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libmpfr6/bionic,now 4.0.1-1 amd64 [installed]
libmspack0/bionic,now 0.6-3 amd64 [installed]
libncurses5/bionic,now 6.1-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libncursesw5/bionic,now 6.1-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libnetfilter-conntrack3/bionic,now 1.0.6-2 amd64 [installed]
libnettle6/bionic,now 3.4-1 amd64 [installed]
libnewt0.52/bionic,now 0.52.20-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libnfnetlink0/bionic,now 1.0.1-3 amd64 [installed]
libnghttp2-14/bionic,now 1.30.0-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libnih1/bionic,now 1.0.3-6ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
libnpth0/bionic,now 1.5-3 amd64 [installed]
libnss-systemd/bionic,now 237-3ubuntu10 amd64 [installed]
libntfs-3g88/bionic,now 1:2017.3.23-2 amd64 [installed]
libnuma1/bionic,now 2.0.11-2.1 amd64 [installed]
libp11-kit0/bionic,now 0.23.9-2 amd64 [installed]
libpam-cap/bionic,now 1:2.25-1.2 amd64 [installed]
libpam-modules/bionic,now 1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
libpam-modules-bin/bionic,now 1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
libpam-runtime/bionic,now 1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2 all [installed]
libpam-systemd/bionic,now 237-3ubuntu10 amd64 [installed]
libpam0g/bionic,now 1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
libparted2/bionic,now 3.2-20 amd64 [installed]
libpcap0.8/bionic,now 1.8.1-6ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libpci3/bionic,now 1:3.5.2-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libpcre3/bionic,now 2:8.39-9 amd64 [installed]
libperl5.26/bionic,now 5.26.1-6 amd64 [installed]
libpipeline1/bionic,now 1.5.0-1 amd64 [installed]
libplymouth4/bionic,now 0.9.3-1ubuntu7 amd64 [installed]
libpng16-16/bionic,now 1.6.34-1 amd64 [installed]
libpolkit-agent-1-0/bionic,now 0.105-20 amd64 [installed]
libpolkit-backend-1-0/bionic,now 0.105-20 amd64 [installed]
libpolkit-gobject-1-0/bionic,now 0.105-20 amd64 [installed]
libpopt0/bionic,now 1.16-11 amd64 [installed]
libprocps6/bionic,now 2:3.3.12-3ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libpsl5/bionic,now 0.19.1-5build1 amd64 [installed]
libpython3-stdlib/bionic,now 3.6.5-3 amd64 [installed]
libpython3.6/bionic,now 3.6.5-3 amd64 [installed]
libpython3.6-minimal/bionic,now 3.6.5-3 amd64 [installed]
libpython3.6-stdlib/bionic,now 3.6.5-3 amd64 [installed]
libreadline5/bionic,now 5.2+dfsg-3build1 amd64 [installed]
libreadline7/bionic,now 7.0-3 amd64 [installed]
libroken18-heimdal/bionic,now 7.5.0+dfsg-1 amd64 [installed]
librtmp1/bionic,now 2.4+20151223.gitfa8646d.1-1 amd64 [installed]
libsasl2-2/bionic,now 2.1.27~101-g0780600+dfsg-3ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
libsasl2-modules/bionic,now 2.1.27~101-g0780600+dfsg-3ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
libsasl2-modules-db/bionic,now 2.1.27~101-g0780600+dfsg-3ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
libseccomp2/bionic,now 2.3.1-2.1ubuntu4 amd64 [installed]
libselinux1/bionic,now 2.7-2build2 amd64 [installed]
libsemanage-common/bionic,now 2.7-2build2 all [installed]
libsemanage1/bionic,now 2.7-2build2 amd64 [installed]
libsepol1/bionic,now 2.7-1 amd64 [installed]
libsigsegv2/bionic,now 2.12-1 amd64 [installed]
libslang2/bionic,now 2.3.1a-3ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libsmartcols1/bionic,now 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
libsqlite3-0/bionic,now 3.22.0-1 amd64 [installed]
libss2/bionic,now 1.44.1-1 amd64 [installed]
libssl1.0.0/bionic,now 1.0.2n-1ubuntu5 amd64 [installed]
libssl1.1/bionic,now 1.1.0g-2ubuntu4 amd64 [installed]
libstdc++6/bionic,now 8-20180414-1ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
libsystemd0/bionic,now 237-3ubuntu10 amd64 [installed]
libtasn1-6/bionic,now 4.13-2 amd64 [installed]
libtext-charwidth-perl/bionic,now 0.04-7.1 amd64 [installed]
libtext-iconv-perl/bionic,now 1.7-5build6 amd64 [installed]
libtext-wrapi18n-perl/bionic,now 0.06-7.1 all [installed]
libtinfo5/bionic,now 6.1-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libudev1/bionic,now 237-3ubuntu10 amd64 [installed]
libunistring2/bionic,now 0.9.9-0ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libunwind8/bionic,now 1.2.1-8 amd64 [installed]
libusb-1.0-0/bionic,now 2:1.0.21-2 amd64 [installed]
libutempter0/bionic,now 1.1.6-3 amd64 [installed]
libuuid1/bionic,now 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
libwind0-heimdal/bionic,now 7.5.0+dfsg-1 amd64 [installed]
libwrap0/bionic,now 7.6.q-27 amd64 [installed]
libx11-6/bionic,now 2:1.6.4-3 amd64 [installed]
libx11-data/bionic,now 2:1.6.4-3 all [installed]
libxau6/bionic,now 1:1.0.8-1 amd64 [installed]
libxcb1/bionic,now 1.13-1 amd64 [installed]
libxdmcp6/bionic,now 1:1.1.2-3 amd64 [installed]
libxext6/bionic,now 2:1.3.3-1 amd64 [installed]
libxml2/bionic,now 2.9.4+dfsg1-6.1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libxmlsec1/bionic,now 1.2.25-1build1 amd64 [installed]
libxmlsec1-openssl/bionic,now 1.2.25-1build1 amd64 [installed]
libxmuu1/bionic,now 2:1.1.2-2 amd64 [installed]
libxslt1.1/bionic,now 1.1.29-5 amd64 [installed]
libxtables12/bionic,now 1.6.1-2ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
libyaml-0-2/bionic,now 0.1.7-2ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
libzstd1/bionic,now 1.3.3+dfsg-2ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
linux-base/bionic,now 4.5ubuntu1 all [installed]
locales/bionic,now 2.27-3ubuntu1 all [installed]
login/bionic,now 1:4.5-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
logrotate/bionic,now 3.11.0-0.1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
lsb-base/bionic,now 9.20170808ubuntu1 all [installed]
lsb-release/bionic,now 9.20170808ubuntu1 all [installed]
lshw/bionic,now 02.18-0.1ubuntu6 amd64 [installed]
lsof/bionic,now 4.89+dfsg-0.1 amd64 [installed]
ltrace/bionic,now 0.7.3-6ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
lvm2/bionic,now 2.02.176-4.1ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
lxcfs/bionic,now 3.0.0-0ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
lxd/bionic,now 3.0.0-0ubuntu4 amd64 [installed]
lxd-client/bionic,now 3.0.0-0ubuntu4 amd64 [installed]
man-db/bionic,now 2.8.3-2 amd64 [installed]
manpages/bionic,now 4.15-1 all [installed]
mawk/bionic,now 1.3.3-17ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
mdadm/bionic,now 4.0-2ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
mime-support/bionic,now 3.60ubuntu1 all [installed]
mlocate/bionic,now 0.26-2ubuntu3.1 amd64 [installed]
mount/bionic,now 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
mtr-tiny/bionic,now 0.92-1 amd64 [installed]
multiarch-support/bionic,now 2.27-3ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
nano/bionic,now 2.9.3-2 amd64 [installed]
ncurses-base/bionic,now 6.1-1ubuntu1 all [installed]
ncurses-bin/bionic,now 6.1-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
ncurses-term/bionic,now 6.1-1ubuntu1 all [installed]
net-tools/bionic,now 1.60+git20161116.90da8a0-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
netbase/bionic,now 5.4 all [installed]
netcat-openbsd/bionic,now 1.187-1 amd64 [installed]
netplan.io/bionic,now 0.36.1 amd64 [installed]
networkd-dispatcher/bionic,now 1.7-0ubuntu3 all [installed]
nplan/bionic,now 0.36.1 all [installed]
ntfs-3g/bionic,now 1:2017.3.23-2 amd64 [installed]
open-iscsi/bionic,now 2.0.874-5ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
open-vm-tools/bionic,now 2:10.2.0-3ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
openssh-client/bionic,now 1:7.6p1-4 amd64 [installed]
openssh-server/bionic,now 1:7.6p1-4 amd64 [installed]
openssh-sftp-server/bionic,now 1:7.6p1-4 amd64 [installed]
openssl/bionic,now 1.1.0g-2ubuntu4 amd64 [installed]
overlayroot/bionic,now 0.40ubuntu1 all [installed]
parted/bionic,now 3.2-20 amd64 [installed]
passwd/bionic,now 1:4.5-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
pastebinit/bionic,now 1.5-2 all [installed]
patch/bionic,now 2.7.6-2ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
pciutils/bionic,now 1:3.5.2-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
perl/bionic,now 5.26.1-6 amd64 [installed]
perl-base/bionic,now 5.26.1-6 amd64 [installed]
perl-modules-5.26/bionic,now 5.26.1-6 all [installed]
pinentry-curses/bionic,now 1.1.0-1 amd64 [installed]
plymouth/bionic,now 0.9.3-1ubuntu7 amd64 [installed]
plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text/bionic,now 0.9.3-1ubuntu7 amd64 [installed]
policykit-1/bionic,now 0.105-20 amd64 [installed]
pollinate/bionic,now 4.31-0ubuntu1 all [installed]
popularity-contest/bionic,now 1.66ubuntu1 all [installed]
powermgmt-base/bionic,now 1.33 all [installed]
procps/bionic,now 2:3.3.12-3ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
psmisc/bionic,now 23.1-1 amd64 [installed]
publicsuffix/bionic,now 20180223.1310-1 all [installed]
python-apt-common/bionic,now 1.6.0 all [installed]
python3/bionic,now 3.6.5-3 amd64 [installed]
python3-apport/bionic,now 2.20.9-0ubuntu7 all [installed]
python3-apt/bionic,now 1.6.0 amd64 [installed]
python3-asn1crypto/bionic,now 0.24.0-1 all [installed]
python3-attr/bionic,now 17.4.0-2 all [installed]
python3-automat/bionic,now 0.6.0-1 all [installed]
python3-blinker/bionic,now 1.4+dfsg1-0.1 all [installed]
python3-certifi/bionic,now 2018.1.18-2 all [installed]
python3-cffi-backend/bionic,now 1.11.5-1 amd64 [installed]
python3-chardet/bionic,now 3.0.4-1 all [installed]
python3-click/bionic,now 6.7-3 all [installed]
python3-colorama/bionic,now 0.3.7-1 all [installed]
python3-commandnotfound/bionic,now 18.04.4 all [installed]
python3-configobj/bionic,now 5.0.6-2 all [installed]
python3-constantly/bionic,now 15.1.0-1 all [installed]
python3-cryptography/bionic,now 2.1.4-1ubuntu1.1 amd64 [installed]
python3-dbus/bionic,now 1.2.6-1 amd64 [installed]
python3-debconf/bionic,now 1.5.66 all [installed]
python3-debian/bionic,now 0.1.32 all [installed]
python3-distro-info/bionic,now 0.18 all [installed]
python3-distupgrade/bionic,now 1:18.04.17 all [installed]
python3-gdbm/bionic,now 3.6.5-3 amd64 [installed]
python3-gi/bionic,now 3.26.1-2 amd64 [installed]
python3-httplib2/bionic,now 0.9.2+dfsg-1 all [installed]
python3-hyperlink/bionic,now 17.3.1-2 all [installed]
python3-idna/bionic,now 2.6-1 all [installed]
python3-incremental/bionic,now 16.10.1-3 all [installed]
python3-jinja2/bionic,now 2.10-1 all [installed]
python3-json-pointer/bionic,now 1.10-1 all [installed]
python3-jsonpatch/bionic,now 1.19+really1.16-1fakesync1 all [installed]
python3-jsonschema/bionic,now 2.6.0-2 all [installed]
python3-jwt/bionic,now 1.5.3+ds1-1 all [installed]
python3-markupsafe/bionic,now 1.0-1build1 amd64 [installed]
python3-minimal/bionic,now 3.6.5-3 amd64 [installed]
python3-newt/bionic,now 0.52.20-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
python3-oauthlib/bionic,now 2.0.6-1 all [installed]
python3-openssl/bionic,now 17.5.0-1ubuntu1 all [installed]
python3-pam/bionic,now 0.4.2-13.2ubuntu4 amd64 [installed]
python3-pkg-resources/bionic,now 39.0.1-2 all [installed]
python3-problem-report/bionic,now 2.20.9-0ubuntu7 all [installed]
python3-pyasn1/bionic,now 0.4.2-3 all [installed]
python3-pyasn1-modules/bionic,now 0.2.1-0.2 all [installed]
python3-requests/bionic,now 2.18.4-2 all [installed]
python3-requests-unixsocket/bionic,now 0.1.5-3 all [installed]
python3-serial/bionic,now 3.4-2 all [installed]
python3-service-identity/bionic,now 16.0.0-2 all [installed]
python3-six/bionic,now 1.11.0-2 all [installed]
python3-software-properties/bionic,now 0.96.24.32.1 all [installed]
python3-systemd/bionic,now 234-1build1 amd64 [installed]
python3-twisted/bionic,now 17.9.0-2 all [installed]
python3-twisted-bin/bionic,now 17.9.0-2 amd64 [installed]
python3-update-manager/bionic,now 1:18.04.11 all [installed]
python3-urllib3/bionic,now 1.22-1 all [installed]
python3-yaml/bionic,now 3.12-1build2 amd64 [installed]
python3-zope.interface/bionic,now 4.3.2-1build2 amd64 [installed]
python3.6/bionic,now 3.6.5-3 amd64 [installed]
python3.6-minimal/bionic,now 3.6.5-3 amd64 [installed]
readline-common/bionic,now 7.0-3 all [installed]
rsync/bionic,now 3.1.2-2.1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
rsyslog/bionic,now 8.32.0-1ubuntu4 amd64 [installed]
run-one/bionic,now 1.17-0ubuntu1 all [installed]
screen/bionic,now 4.6.2-1 amd64 [installed]
sed/bionic,now 4.4-2 amd64 [installed]
sensible-utils/bionic,now 0.0.12 all [installed]
shared-mime-info/bionic,now 1.9-2 amd64 [installed]
snapd/bionic,now 2.32.5+18.04 amd64 [installed]
software-properties-common/bionic,now 0.96.24.32.1 all [installed]
sosreport/bionic,now 3.5-1ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
squashfs-tools/bionic,now 1:4.3-6 amd64 [installed]
ssh-import-id/bionic,now 5.7-0ubuntu1 all [installed]
strace/bionic,now 4.21-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
sudo/bionic,now 1.8.21p2-3ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
systemd/bionic,now 237-3ubuntu10 amd64 [installed]
systemd-sysv/bionic,now 237-3ubuntu10 amd64 [installed]
sysvinit-utils/bionic,now 2.88dsf-59.10ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
tar/bionic,now 1.29b-2 amd64 [installed]
tcpdump/bionic,now 4.9.2-3 amd64 [installed]
telnet/bionic,now 0.17-41 amd64 [installed]
time/bionic,now 1.7-25.1build1 amd64 [installed]
tmux/bionic,now 2.6-3 amd64 [installed]
tzdata/bionic,now 2018d-1 all [installed]
ubuntu-advantage-tools/bionic,now 17 all [installed]
ubuntu-keyring/bionic,now 2018.02.28 all [installed]
ubuntu-minimal/bionic,now 1.417 amd64 [installed]
ubuntu-release-upgrader-core/bionic,now 1:18.04.17 all [installed]
ubuntu-server/bionic,now 1.417 amd64 [installed]
ubuntu-standard/bionic,now 1.417 amd64 [installed]
ucf/bionic,now 3.0038 all [installed]
udev/bionic,now 237-3ubuntu10 amd64 [installed]
ufw/bionic,now 0.35-5 all [installed]
uidmap/bionic,now 1:4.5-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
unattended-upgrades/bionic,now 1.1ubuntu1 all [installed]
update-manager-core/bionic,now 1:18.04.11 all [installed]
update-notifier-common/bionic,now 3.192 all [installed]
ureadahead/bionic,now 0.100.0-20 amd64 [installed]
usbutils/bionic,now 1:007-4build1 amd64 [installed]
util-linux/bionic,now 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
uuid-runtime/bionic,now 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
vim/bionic,now 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
vim-common/bionic,now 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1 all [installed]
vim-runtime/bionic,now 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1 all [installed]
vim-tiny/bionic,now 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
wget/bionic,now 1.19.4-1ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
whiptail/bionic,now 0.52.20-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
xauth/bionic,now 1:1.0.10-1 amd64 [installed]
xdelta3/bionic,now 3.0.11-dfsg-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
xdg-user-dirs/bionic,now 0.17-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
xfsprogs/bionic,now 4.9.0+nmu1ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]
xkb-data/bionic,now 2.23.1-1ubuntu1 all [installed]
xxd/bionic,now 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
xz-utils/bionic,now 5.2.2-1.3 amd64 [installed]
zerofree/bionic,now 1.0.4-1 amd64 [installed]
zlib1g/bionic,now 1:1.2.11.dfsg-0ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]

WSL の Debian 9 で初期ユーザのパスワードを忘れたら

WSL の Debian 9 では、管理者権限で開いたコンソールから debian.exe を実行し、ログインユーザーを root に変更することが出来ます。Ubuntu の場合は ubuntu.exe で、他のディストリビューションの場合も似たようなネーミングの命令が入っていると思います。

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32＞ debian help
Launches or configures a linux distribution.

Usage:
    
      - Launches the distro's default behavior. By default, this launches your default shell.

    run 
      - Run the given command line in that distro, using the default configuration.
      - Everything after `run ` is passed to the linux LaunchProcess call.

    config [setting [value]]
      - Configure certain settings for this distro.
      - Settings are any of the following (by default)
        - `--default-user `: Set the default user for this distro to 

    clean
      - Uninstalls the distro. The appx remains on your machine. This can be
        useful for "factory resetting" your instance. This removes the linux
        filesystem from the disk, but not the app from your PC, so you don't
        need to redownload the entire tar.gz again.

    help
      - Print this usage message.

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32＞ debian config --default-user root

Default UNIX user set to: root

初期ユーザのパスワードを忘れてしまったので、実際に作業してみました。

1. 管理者として PowerShellかcmdウインドウを開く。
2. PS＞ debian config --default-user root でログインユーザを root にする
3. WSL Debian を開くとログインユーザが root になっているはず。
4. # passwd firstuser などとしてパスワードを変更する。
5. WSL Debian を閉じておく。
6. PS＞ debian config --default-user firstuser などとしてログインユーザを初期ユーザにする。
7. WSL Debianを開くとログインユーザが 初期ユーザになっているはず。 sudo su などしてパスワードが新しいものになっているか確認する。

実機の場合はgrubの起動に割り込んでinit=/bin/sh とか追加書きして云々、とかやるパターンですが、これはありがたいですね。

参考記事はこちら。
https://askubuntu.com/questions/772050/reset-the-password-in-linux-bash-in-windows